2040 – 05 – Examining Specific Heat

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To describe the amount of energy that it takes to heat a material by exactly one degree, we use the term “specific heat.” An object’s molecules move faster when the temperature increases, and slower as it cools. Depending on their composition, different molecules vibrate at different speeds; exhibiting resistance to slowing down or speeding up, making the materials they compose harder to heat up or cool down.

Metals that have molecules that move more slowly have a higher specific heat. It requires more energy to encourage these molecules to vibrate.

Using a cutting tool generates heat as the blade meets the material. Cutting requires a delicate balance of temperatures: If temperatures are too hot , metals with a low specific heat can lose their dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Many manufacturers use metals with a high specific heat, in combination with coolant to ensure workpieces are not affected by extreme temperatures.